By Tucked just 40 kilometers from Agra in Uttar Pradesh Fatehpur Sikri India , Fatehpur Sikri is one of India’s most enigmatic and awe-inspiring historical cities. Built by the great Mughal emperor Akbar in the 16th century, the city stands as a testament to imperial ambition, architectural genius, and spiritual devotion. While many visitors are aware of its UNESCO World Heritage status and majestic monuments, there’s far more beneath the surface.
1. It Was a Dream Capital That Was Abandoned in Just 14 Years
One of the most surprising facts about Fatehpur Sikri is how brief its reign as a capital city was. Emperor Akbar moved his court from Agra to Fatehpur Sikri in 1571 to honor the Sufi saint Sheikh Salim Chishti, whose blessings were believed to have resulted in the birth of Akbar’s son, Salim (later Emperor Jahangir).
However, despite the grandeur of the new city, Fatehpur Sikri was abandoned by 1585. The reason? A severe shortage of water and ongoing military campaigns in the northwest forced Akbar to relocate his court. Today, the abandoned structures stand frozen in time, echoing the fleeting nature of power and ambition.
2. The Buland Darwaza Is One of the Tallest Gateways in the World
The Buland Darwaza, or “Gate of Magnificence,” is a monumental gateway that stands at 54 meters (177 feet) high. Commissioned by Akbar in 1601 to commemorate his victory over Gujarat, it’s the highest gateway in India and one of the tallest in the world.
Built from red sandstone and decorated with white and black marble, the gateway exudes imperial grandeur. An inscription in Persian at the top reads: “The world is a bridge, pass over it, but build no houses upon it,” reminding visitors of the ephemeral nature of life.
3. It Combines Hindu, Jain, and Islamic Architectural Styles
Fatehpur Sikri is a unique architectural marvel because it seamlessly blends Persian, Islamic, Hindu, and Jain design elements. Akbar, known for his policy of religious tolerance, encouraged a synthesis of different traditions.
You’ll find Islamic domes and arches, Hindu-style brackets and columns, and Jain-inspired carvings within the palaces and halls. The result is a harmonious architectural language that reflects India’s diverse cultural fabric and Akbar’s vision of religious unity.
4. The Diwan-i-Khas Has a Pillar Unlike Anything Else in India
The Diwan-i-Khas, or Hall of Private Audience, is famed for its singular architectural wonder—the central lotus-shaped pillar. This intricately carved column rises from the floor and spreads out like a capital at the top, where four narrow walkways branch off to each corner of the chamber.
This unique design is believed to symbolize Akbar’s central authority over the diverse religious and philosophical schools of thought in his empire. Historians often refer to this pillar as “Akbar’s Throne” or the “Pillar of Faith.”
5. The Panch Mahal Was a Wind-Catcher for Royal Women
The Panch Mahal, or Five-Story Palace, is one of the most unique structures in Fatehpur Sikri. Designed like a stepped pyramid, each level gets progressively smaller, with the top floor being a single chhatri (dome).
This open structure was used by the women of the royal harem and offered a cool, breezy space during hot summers. Thanks to its 260 beautifully carved columns, it acted as a natural air conditioner by catching and circulating wind, showcasing the ingenuity of Mughal architecture.
6. The Tomb of Salim Chishti Grants Wishes
Located in the courtyard of the Jama Masjid, the Tomb of Salim Chishti is considered one of the holiest sites in Indian Sufism. It is believed that Akbar’s prayers for a son were answered after meeting the saint, and as a result, the emperor built the tomb in his honor.
To this day, pilgrims and tourists alike tie sacred threads to the marble screens (jalis) of the tomb, wishing for children, marriage, or success. The white marble tomb, surrounded by Mughal architecture in red sandstone, appears ethereal and serene—almost floating amidst the red hues.
7. Fatehpur Sikri Was Designed with Urban Planning Principles Ahead of Its Time
Long before modern urban design principles were formalized, Akbar’s Fatehpur Sikri was planned with meticulous attention. The city had distinct areas for administration, housing, religion, entertainment, and defense.
Advanced drainage systems, symmetrical layouts, and public squares indicate a high level of civic planning. The design was so modern that many urban planners today still study it as an example of pre-modern city planning in South Asia.
8. It Was the Center of Akbar’s Religious Experimentation
Akbar’s interest in religion went beyond tolerance—he actively explored and synthesized different faiths. In Fatehpur Sikri, he built the Ibadat Khana, or House of Worship, where scholars of Islam, Hinduism, Christianity, Jainism, Zoroastrianism, and even atheists were invited for debates.
This intellectual pursuit led to the formulation of Din-i-Ilahi, or “Religion of God,” an eclectic faith that sought to combine the best elements of all religions. Although Din-i-Ilahi never gained widespread acceptance, Fatehpur Sikri was the cradle of this philosophical experiment.
9. Birbal’s House Has Hindu-Inspired Architecture
One of the most fascinating facts about Fatehpur Sikri is Birbal’s House. Birbal, a trusted Hindu minister and one of the famous “Navaratnas” (nine jewels) of Akbar’s court, was given a residence with architecture closely resembling traditional Hindu homes.
The use of chajjas (projecting eaves), ornate brackets, and carvings show a strong Hindu influence, reflecting Akbar’s deep respect for Birbal’s culture and beliefs. It stands in contrast to the Islamic architecture elsewhere in the complex and serves as a symbolic structure of religious harmony.
10. It’s a UNESCO World Heritage Site That’s Still Under Preservation
Fatehpur Sikri was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1986, recognized for its cultural and architectural significance. Despite being over 400 years old, much of the city is well-preserved, thanks to ongoing restoration efforts by the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI).
However, conservationists still face challenges like weathering, environmental pollution, and tourist impact. While restoration continues, the site remains open to visitors—striking a delicate balance between historical preservation and public access.
Conclusion: More Than Just Stone and Sandstone
Fatehpur Sikri is far more than a deserted city or an old fort—it’s a living archive of India’s golden age of cultural and architectural fusion. These 10 fascinating facts reveal a complex narrative of spiritual vision, imperial ambition, and artistic excellence that continues to inspire visitors centuries later.
Whether you’re a first-time traveler or a seasoned historian, Fatehpur Sikri never fails to surprise. Its blend of architecture, philosophy, and legend makes it a must-visit destination for anyone wanting to understand the soul of Mughal India.
FAQs
1. Why was Fatehpur Sikri abandoned so quickly?
Fatehpur Sikri was abandoned after just 14 years primarily due to a lack of reliable water supply and the demands of military campaigns in the northwest. Akbar shifted his capital back to Agra, leaving the city deserted.
2. Can tourists visit all parts of Fatehpur Sikri?
Yes, most parts of Fatehpur Sikri are open to tourists, including major monuments like Buland Darwaza, Diwan-i-Khas, Panch Mahal, and Salim Chishti’s Tomb. Some religious areas may have restricted access during prayers.
3. Is photography allowed at Fatehpur Sikri?
Photography is generally allowed in most parts of Fatehpur Sikri, though flash and tripods may be restricted in certain areas. Respect is expected in religious spaces like the Jama Masjid and Salim Chishti’s tomb.
4. What are the entry timings and ticket prices?
Fatehpur Sikri is open daily from 9 AM to 6 PM. Entry fees are approximately ₹40 for Indian citizens and ₹550 for foreign tourists. Additional charges may apply for photography or guides.
5. How can I reach Fatehpur Sikri from Agra?
Fatehpur Sikri is about 40 km from Agra and is easily accessible by car, taxi, or local bus. Trains also connect Agra to Fatehpur Sikri, though the bus or cab is more convenient for tourists.
Also read : Forte dei Marmi: 9 Things to Do for a Perfect Weekend
